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Cytokine gene expression profiles during initiation, progression and resolution of periodontitis
Author(s) -
Ebersole Jeffrey L.,
Kirakodu Sreenatha,
Novak Michael John,
Stromberg Arny J.,
Shen Shu,
Orraca Luis,
GonzalezMartinez Janis,
Burgos Armando,
Gonzalez Octavio A.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of clinical periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.456
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1600-051X
pISSN - 0303-6979
DOI - 10.1111/jcpe.12286
Subject(s) - cytokine , periodontitis , gene , gene expression , immunology , biology , medicine , genetics
Aim Variations in the expression of cytokines during the progression of periodontitis remain ill‐defined. We evaluated the expression of 19 cytokine genes related to T‐cell phenotype/function during initiation, progression and resolution of periodontitis, and related these to the expression of soft and bone tissue destruction genes ( TDG s). Materials and Methods A ligature‐induced periodontitis model was used in rhesus monkeys ( M. mulatta ) ( n = 18). Gingival tissues were taken at baseline pre‐ligation, 2 weeks and 1 month (Initiation) and 3 months (progression) post ligation. Ligatures were removed and samples taken 2 months later (resolution). Total RNA was isolated and the Rhesus Gene 1.0 ST (Affymetrix) used for gene expression analysis. Significant expression changes were validated by q RT ‐PCR. Results Disease initiation/progression was characterized by overexpression of Th17/Treg cytokine genes ( IL ‐1 β , IL ‐6, TGF β and IL ‐21) and down‐regulation of Th1/Th2 cytokine genes ( IL ‐18 and IL ‐25). Increased IL ‐2 and decreased IL ‐10 levels were seen during disease resolution. Several Th17/Treg cytokine genes positively correlated with TDG s, whereas most Th1/Th2 genes exhibited a negative correlation. Conclusion Initiation, progression and resolution of periodontitis involve over‐ and underexpression of cytokine genes related to various T‐helper subsets. In addition, variations in individual T‐helper response subset/genes during disease progression correlated with protective/destructive outcomes.