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Influence of titanium on in vitro fibroblast– Porphyromonas gingivalis interaction in peri‐implantitis
Author(s) -
Irshad Muhammad,
Scheres Nina,
Crielaard Wim,
Loos Bruno G.,
Wismeijer Daniel,
Laine Marja L.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of clinical periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.456
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1600-051X
pISSN - 0303-6979
DOI - 10.1111/jcpe.12136
Subject(s) - porphyromonas gingivalis , tumor necrosis factor alpha , granulation tissue , peri implantitis , gene expression , chemistry , pathogenesis , inflammation , fibroblast , implant , periodontitis , microbiology and biotechnology , in vitro , gene , immunology , wound healing , biology , medicine , dentistry , biochemistry , surgery
Abstract Aim Titanium wear particles have been found in peri‐implant tissues, but their role in the pathogenesis of peri‐implantitis remains unclear. We aimed to determine the in vitro inflammatory responses of peri‐implant granulation tissue fibroblasts ( PIGF s) to titanium particles alone and in the presence of viable Porphyromonas gingivalis . Materials & Methods Peri‐implant granulation tissue fibroblasts were challenged either with TiO 2 particles, P. gingivalis or a combination of TiO 2 particles and P. gingivalis . Gene expression and protein production of pro‐inflammatory mediators by PIGF s were measured with PCR and ELISA , respectively. Results Higher doses of TiO 2 were toxic to PIGF s and in sub‐toxic doses, TiO 2 caused an increase in gene expression of tumour necrosis factor ( TNF ) ‐A and increased protein production of TNF ‐α, interleukin ( IL )‐6 and IL ‐8. A challenge with P. gingivalis alone induced gene expression of TNF ‐A, IL ‐1β, IL ‐6 and IL ‐8 . A combined challenge with TiO 2 and P. gingivalis caused a stronger increase in gene expression of TNF ‐A and protein production of TNF ‐α and MCP ‐1 than P. gingivalis alone. Conclusions TiO 2 particles and P. gingivalis, individually, can induce pro‐inflammatory responses in PIGF s. Furthermore, TiO 2 particles and viable P. gingivalis further enhance gene expression and production of TNF ‐α by PIGF s. Therefore, Ti wear particles in the peri‐implant tissues in combination with P. gingivalis infection may contribute to the pathogenesis of peri‐implantitis by enhancing the inflammation in peri‐implant tissues.