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Comparison of circulating tumour necrosis factor superfamily cytokines in periodontitis patients undergoing supportive therapy: a case‐controlled cross‐sectional study comparing smokers and non‐smokers in health and disease
Author(s) -
Nile Christopher J.,
Sherrabeh Sakhr,
Ramage Gordon,
Lappin David F.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of clinical periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.456
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1600-051X
pISSN - 0303-6979
DOI - 10.1111/jcpe.12134
Subject(s) - osteoprotegerin , periodontitis , b cell activating factor , medicine , rankl , chronic periodontitis , tumor necrosis factor alpha , immunology , gastroenterology , receptor , activator (genetics) , b cell , antibody
Background B‐cells are prominent immune cells in established periodontitis lesions. Tumour necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) cytokines play roles in supporting B‐cell function as well as bone re‐modelling. The influence of smoking on factors that support B‐cell function in periodontitis remains unclear. Aim To investigate plasma concentrations of TNF (TNSF1A), soluble receptor activator of nuclear‐factor Kappa‐B ligand ( sRANKL /TNFSF11), a proliferation‐inducing ligand (APRIL/TNFSF13), B‐cell activating factor (BAFF/TNFSF13B) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG/TNFRSF11B) in smokers and non‐smokers with and without chronic periodontitis Materials & Methods Plasma concentrations of TNFSF and OPG were evaluated in 200 systemically healthy subjects divided into four groups: non‐smokers with periodontitis ( n = 101), smokers with periodontitis ( n = 55), healthy non‐smokers ( n = 27) and healthy smokers ( n = 17). Results Periodontitis patients had significantly higher plasma sRANKL , TNF, APRIL and BAFF and lower OPG than healthy subjects ( p < 0.01). TNF and sRANKL were significantly greater in smokers with periodontitis ( p = 0.011, p = 0.001) and OPG concentrations significantly lower ( p = 0.001), whereas APRIL or BAFF were little changed. Plasma APRIL, BAFF, sRANKL and TNF correlated with probing depth and clinical attachment loss. Conclusion TNFSF cytokines correlate with periodontitis disease severity. However, only TNF, sRANKL and OPG levels were altered by cigarette smoking. APRIL and BAFF appear as good indicators of disease severity.