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Subgingival microbiome in smokers and non‐smokers in periodontitis: an exploratory study using traditional targeted techniques and a next‐generation sequencing
Author(s) -
Bizzarro Sergio,
Loos Bruno G.,
Laine Marja L.,
Crielaard Wim,
Zaura Egija
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of clinical periodontology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 3.456
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1600-051X
pISSN - 0303-6979
DOI - 10.1111/jcpe.12087
Subject(s) - capnocytophaga , periodontitis , pyrosequencing , biology , microbiome , fusobacterium , periodontal disease , prevotella , chronic periodontitis , amplicon sequencing , microbiology and biotechnology , actinomyces , bacteroides , 16s ribosomal rna , medicine , dentistry , genetics , gene , bacteria
Abstract Aim To compare the results of two targeted techniques to an open‐ended technique in periodontitis patients, differentiated on the basis of smoking habit. Materials & Methods Thirty periodontitis patients (15 smokers and 15 non‐smokers) provided subgingival plaque samples for 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, culturing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Results No differences were found in the composition of the subgingival microbiome between smokers and non‐smokers with culture and qPCR. With pyrosequencing, operational taxonomic units (OTUs) classified to genera Fusobacterium, Prevotella and Selenomonas were more abundant in smokers, while OTUs belonging to the genera Peptococcus and Capnocytophaga were more abundant in non‐smokers. Principal coordinate analysis identified two clusters; one was composed mainly of smokers (80%) and revealed significantly lower taxonomic diversity, higher attachment loss and higher proportion of the genera Fusobacterium, Paludibacter and Desulfobubus . Conclusion In periodontitis, there is a difference in the composition of the subgingival microbiome between smokers and non‐smokers, as revealed by pyrosequencing. This difference was not identified by the targeted techniques. Low taxonomic diversity was associated with higher disease severity, especially in smokers. This supports the hypothesis of the ecological microbial–host interaction in the severity of periodontal disease.