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EU –Turkey: Integration without Full Membership or Membership without Full Integration? A Conceptual Framework for Accession Alternatives
Author(s) -
Karakas Cemal
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
jcms: journal of common market studies
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.54
H-Index - 90
eISSN - 1468-5965
pISSN - 0021-9886
DOI - 10.1111/jcms.12061
Subject(s) - accession , conditionality , context (archaeology) , scope (computer science) , depreciation (economics) , political science , conceptual framework , economic system , economics , international economics , european union , sociology , microeconomics , law , computer science , geography , politics , social science , profit (economics) , archaeology , capital formation , financial capital , programming language
Abstract The EU accession aspirations of the de jure E uropean country T urkey remain a highly contested issue. Due to the national preferences and mainly socio‐cultural resentment in some EU Member States and due to its limited integration capacity, the EU offered A nkara a discriminatory ‘full membership minus’. The current EU law and the various paradigms of ‘differentiated integration’ do not only provide the spatial, temporal and thematic scope for a conceptual framework on accession alternatives, they also limit it. In this context, the gradual integration/membership concept could be an interesting option for both parties. The depreciation of full membership in the case of T urkey has weakened the EU conditionality policy in general. On the other hand, ‘external’ flexibilization can help to overcome deadlock by allowing the M ember S tates and accession candidates such as T urkey to co‐operate at different levels of integration.