Open AccessPotential of chimeric antigen receptor ( CAR )‐redirected immune cells in breast cancer therapies: Recent advances
Author(s) -
Nikoo Marzieh,
Rudiansyah Mohammad,
Bokov Dmitry Olegovich,
Jainakbaev Nurlan T.,
Suksatan Wanich,
Ansari Mohammad Javed,
Thangavelu Lakshmi,
Chupradit Supat,
Zamani Amir,
Adili Ali,
Shomali Navid,
Akbari Morteza
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
journal of cellular and molecular medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.44
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1582-4934
pISSN - 1582-1838
DOI - 10.1111/jcmm.17465
Subject(s) - chimeric antigen receptor , immune system , immunotherapy , immunology , tumor microenvironment , antigen , breast cancer , cytotoxic t cell , cancer research , cancer , cancer cell , cancer immunotherapy , medicine , acquired immune system , biology , biochemistry , in vitro
Despite substantial developments in conventional treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, and molecular‐targeted therapy, breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Currently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)–redirected immune cell therapy has emerged as an innovative immunotherapeutic approach to ameliorate survival rates of breast cancer patients by eliciting cytotoxic activity against cognate tumour‐associated antigens expressing tumour cells. As a crucial component of adaptive immunity, T cells and NK cells, as the central innate immune cells, are two types of pivotal candidates for CAR engineering in treating solid malignancies. However, the biological distinctions between NK cells‐ and T cells lead to differences in cancer immunotherapy outcomes. Likewise, optimal breast cancer removal via CAR‐redirected immune cells requires detecting safe target antigens, improving CAR structure for ideal immune cell functions, promoting CAR‐redirected immune cells filtration to the tumour microenvironment (TME), and increasing the ability of these engineered cells to persist and retain within the immunosuppressive TME. This review provides a concise overview of breast cancer pathogenesis and its hostile TME. We focus on the CAR‐T and CAR‐NK cells and discuss their significant differences. Finally, we deliver a summary based on recent advancements in the therapeutic capability of CAR‐T and CAR‐NK cells in treating breast cancer.