Open AccessAdvances on liver cell‐derived exosomes in liver diseases
Author(s) -
Jiao Yan,
Xu Ping,
Shi Honglin,
Chen Dexi,
Shi Hongbo
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of cellular and molecular medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.44
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1582-4934
pISSN - 1582-1838
DOI - 10.1111/jcmm.16123
Subject(s) - microvesicles , exosome , microrna , liver cell , liver disease , cell , hepatic stellate cell , biology , liver injury , cell type , liver cancer , cancer research , viral hepatitis , microbiology and biotechnology , immunology , medicine , pathology , biochemistry , gene , endocrinology , hepatocellular carcinoma
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters ranging from 30 to 150 nm, which contain several donor cell‐associated proteins as well as mRNA, miRNA, and lipids and coordinate multiple physiological and pathological functions through horizontal communication between cells. Almost all types of liver cells, such as hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, are exosome‐releasing and/or exosome‐targeted cells. Exosomes secreted by liver cells play an important role in regulating general physiological functions and also participate in the onset and development of liver diseases, including liver cancer, liver injury, liver fibrosis and viral hepatitis. Liver cell‐derived exosomes carry liver cell‐specific proteins and miRNAs, which can be used as diagnostic biomarkers and treatment targets of liver disease. This review discusses the functions of exosomes derived from different liver cells and provides novel insights based on the latest developments regarding the roles of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.