Open AccessPlasma levels of soluble ST 2, but not IL ‐33, correlate with the severity of alcoholic liver disease
Author(s) -
Sun Zijian,
Chang Binxia,
Huang Ang,
Hao Shuli,
Gao Miaomiao,
Sun Ying,
Shi Ming,
Jin Lei,
Zhang Wei,
Zhao Jun,
Teng Guangju,
Han Lin,
Tian Hui,
Liang Qingsheng,
Zhang JiYuan,
Zou Zhengsheng
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of cellular and molecular medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.44
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1582-4934
pISSN - 1582-1838
DOI - 10.1111/jcmm.13990
Subject(s) - proinflammatory cytokine , biomarker , tumor necrosis factor alpha , medicine , inflammation , alcoholic liver disease , liver disease , receptor , endocrinology , liver function , albumin , cytokine , immunology , biology , biochemistry , cirrhosis
Alcoholic liver disease ( ALD ) is a complication that is a burden on global health and economy. Interleukin‐33 ( IL ‐33) is a newly identified member of the IL ‐1 cytokine family and is released as an “alarmin” during inflammation. Soluble suppression of tumourigenicity 2 ( sST 2), an IL ‐33 decoy receptor, has been reported as a new biomarker for the severity of systemic and highly inflammatory diseases. Here, we found the levels of plasma sST 2, increased with the disease severity from mild to severe ALD . Importantly, the plasma sST 2 levels in ALD patients not only correlated with scores for prognostic models (Maddrey's discriminant function, model for end‐stage liver disease and Child‐Pugh scores) and indexes for liver function (total bilirubin, international normalized ratio, albumin, and cholinesterase) but also correlated with neutrophil‐associated factors as well as some proinflammatory cytokines. In vitro, lipopolysaccharide‐activated monocytes down‐regulated transmembrane ST 2 receptor but up‐regulated sST 2 mRNA and protein expression and produced higher levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α ( TNF ‐α). By contrast, monocytes pretreated with recombinant sST 2 showed decreased TNF ‐α production. In addition, although plasma IL ‐33 levels were comparable between healthy controls and ALD patients, we found the IL ‐33 expression in liver tissues from ALD patients was down‐regulated at both RNA and protein levels. Immunohistochemical staining further showed that the decreased of IL ‐33‐positive cells were mainly located in liver lobule area. These results suggested that sST 2, but not IL ‐33, is closely related to the severity of ALD . Consequently, sST 2 could be used as a potential biomarker for predicting the prognosis of ALD.