Open AccessPhotobiomodulation and different macrophages phenotypes during muscle tissue repair
Author(s) -
Souza Nadhia H. C.,
MesquitaFerrari Raquel A.,
Rodrigues Maria Fernanda S. D.,
Silva Daniela F. T.,
Ribeiro Beatriz G.,
Alves Agnelo N.,
Garcia Mónica P.,
Nunes Fábio D.,
Silva Junior Evaldo M.,
França Cristiane M.,
Bussadori Sandra K.,
Fernandes Kristianne P. S.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of cellular and molecular medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.44
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1582-4934
pISSN - 1582-1838
DOI - 10.1111/jcmm.13757
Subject(s) - inflammation , regeneration (biology) , skeletal muscle , muscle tissue , macrophage , tibialis anterior muscle , pathology , microbiology and biotechnology , immunohistochemistry , wound healing , skin repair , biology , medicine , immunology , anatomy , in vitro , biochemistry
Macrophages play a very important role in the conduction of several regenerative processes mainly due to their plasticity and multiple functions. In the muscle repair process, while M1 macrophages regulate the inflammatory and proliferative phases, M2 (anti‐inflammatory) macrophages direct the differentiation and remodelling phases, leading to tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of red and near infrared ( NIR ) photobiomodulation ( PBM ) on macrophage phenotypes and correlate these findings with the repair process following acute muscle injury. Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control; muscle injury; muscle injury + red PBM ; and muscle injury + NIR PBM . After 2, 4 and 7 days, the tibialis anterior muscle was processed for analysis. Macrophages phenotypic profile was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and correlated with the different stages of the skeletal muscle repair by the qualitative and quantitative morphological analysis as well as by the evaluation of IL ‐6 , TNF ‐ α and TGF ‐ β mRNA expression. Photobiomodulation at both wavelengths was able to decrease the number of CD 68 + (M1) macrophages 2 days after muscle injury and increase the number of CD 163 + (M2) macrophages 7 days after injury. However, only NIR treatment was able to increase the number of CD 206 + M2 macrophages (Day 2) and TGF ‐ β mRNA expression (Day 2, 4 and 7), favouring the repair process more expressivelly. Treatment with PBM was able to modulate the inflammation phase, optimize the transition from the inflammatory to the regeneration phase (mainly with NIR light) and improve the final step of regeneration, enhancing tissue repair.