The autophagy–lysosomal system in subarachnoid haemorrhage

The autophagy–lysosomal pathway is a self‐catabolic process by which dysfunctional or unnecessary intracellular components are degraded by lysosomal enzymes. Proper function of this pathway is critical for maintaining cell homeostasis and survival. Subarachnoid haemorrhage ( SAH ) is one of the most devastating forms of stroke. Multiple pathogenic mechanisms, such as inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, are all responsible for brain injury and poor outcome after SAH . Most recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the autophagy–lysosomal pathway plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological process after SAH . Appropriate activity of autophagy–lysosomal pathway acts as a pro‐survival mechanism in SAH , while excessive self‐digestion results in cell death after SAH . Consequently, in this review article, we will give an overview of the pathophysiological roles of autophagy–lysosomal pathway in the pathogenesis of SAH . And approaching the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathway in SAH pathology is anticipated, which may ultimately allow development of effective therapeutic strategies for SAH patients through regulating the autophagy–lysosomal machinery.