Open Accesshi PSC ‐derived iMSC s: NextGen MSC s as an advanced therapeutically active cell resource for regenerative medicine
Author(s) -
Sabapathy Vikram,
Kumar Sanjay
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of cellular and molecular medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.44
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1582-4934
pISSN - 1582-1838
DOI - 10.1111/jcmm.12839
Subject(s) - mesenchymal stem cell , reprogramming , regenerative medicine , paracrine signalling , medicine , microvesicles , immunology , stem cell , cell growth , cancer research , cell therapy , cell , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , pathology , microrna , biochemistry , genetics , receptor , gene
Mesenchymal stem cells ( MSC s) are being assessed for ameliorating the severity of graft‐versus‐host disease, autoimmune conditions, musculoskeletal injuries and cardiovascular diseases. While most of these clinical therapeutic applications require substantial cell quantities, the number of MSC s that can be obtained initially from a single donor remains limited. The utility of MSC s derived from human‐induced pluripotent stem cells (hi PSC s) has been shown in recent pre‐clinical studies. Since adult MSC s have limited capability regarding proliferation, the quantum of bioactive factor secretion and immunomodulation ability may be constrained. Hence, the alternate source of MSC s is being considered to replace the commonly used adult tissue‐derived MSC s. The MSC s have been obtained from various adult and foetal tissues. The hi PSC ‐derived MSC s ( iMSC s) are transpiring as an attractive source of MSC s because during reprogramming process, cells undergo rejuvination, exhibiting better cellular vitality such as survival, proliferation and differentiations potentials. The autologous iMSC s could be considered as an inexhaustible source of MSC s that could be used to meet the unmet clinical needs. Human‐induced PSC ‐derived MSC s are reported to be superior when compared to the adult MSC s regarding cell proliferation, immunomodulation, cytokines profiles, microenvironment modulating exosomes and bioactive paracrine factors secretion. Strategies such as derivation and propagation of iMSC s in chemically defined culture conditions and use of footprint‐free safer reprogramming strategies have contributed towards the development of clinically relevant cell types. In this review, the role of i PSC ‐derived mesenchymal stromal cells ( iMSC s) as an alternate source of therapeutically active MSC s has been described. Additionally, we also describe the role of iMSC s in regenerative medical applications, the necessary strategies, and the regulatory policies that have to be enforced to render iMSC's effectiveness in translational medicine.