Open AccessAmbient particulate matter exposure and cardiovascular diseases: a focus on progenitor and stem cells
Author(s) -
Cui Yuqi,
Sun Qinghua,
Liu Zhenguo
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of cellular and molecular medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.44
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1582-4934
pISSN - 1582-1838
DOI - 10.1111/jcmm.12822
Subject(s) - progenitor cell , stem cell , bone marrow , inflammation , population , medicine , endothelial dysfunction , regeneration (biology) , immunology , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , environmental health
Air pollution is a major challenge to public health. Ambient fine particulate matter ( PM ) is the key component for air pollution, and associated with significant mortality. The majority of the mortality following PM exposure is related to cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanisms for the adverse effects of PM exposure on cardiovascular system remain largely unknown and under active investigation. Endothelial dysfunction or injury is considered one of the major factors that contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Endothelial progenitor cells ( EPC s) play a critical role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of vasculature. Particulate matter exposure significantly suppressed the number and function of EPC s in animals and humans. However, the mechanisms for the detrimental effects of PM on EPC s remain to be fully defined. One of the important mechanisms might be related to increased level of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) and inflammation. Bone marrow ( BM ) is a major source of EPC s. Thus, the number and function of EPC s could be intimately associated with the population and functional status of stem cells ( SC s) in the BM . Bone marrow stem cells and other SC s have the potential for cardiovascular regeneration and repair. The present review is focused on summarizing the detrimental effects of PM exposure on EPC s and SC s, and potential mechanisms including ROS formation as well as clinical implications.