Open AccessTGF ‐β cascade regulation by PPP 1 and its interactors –impact on prostate cancer development and therapy
Author(s) -
KorrodiGregório Luís,
Silva Joana Vieira,
SantosSousa Luís,
Freitas Maria João,
Felgueiras Juliana,
Fardilha Margarida
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of cellular and molecular medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.44
H-Index - 130
eISSN - 1582-4934
pISSN - 1582-1838
DOI - 10.1111/jcmm.12266
Subject(s) - dephosphorylation , phosphorylation , phosphatase , protein phosphorylation , cancer , protein phosphatase 2 , kinase , prostate cancer , signal transduction , cancer research , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , protein kinase a , genetics
Protein phosphorylation is a key mechanism by which normal and cancer cells regulate their main transduction pathways. Protein kinases and phosphatases are precisely orchestrated to achieve the (de)phosphorylation of candidate proteins. Indeed, cellular health is dependent on the fine‐tune of phosphorylation systems, which when deregulated lead to cancer. Transforming growth factor beta ( TGF ‐β) pathway involvement in the genesis of prostate cancer has long been established. Many of its members were shown to be hypo‐ or hyperphosphorylated during the process of malignancy. A major phosphatase that is responsible for the vast majority of the serine/threonine dephosphorylation is the phosphoprotein phosphatase 1 ( PPP 1). PPP 1 has been associated with the dephosphorylation of several proteins involved in the TGF ‐β cascade. This review will discuss the role of PPP 1 in the regulation of several TGF ‐β signalling members and how the subversion of this pathway is related to prostate cancer development. Furthermore, current challenges on the protein phosphatases field as new targets to cancer therapy will be addressed.