Open AccessUrinary sodium‐to‐potassium ratio and body mass index in relation to high blood pressure in a national health survey in Chile
Author(s) -
Valentino Giovanna,
Hernández Camila,
Tagle Rodrigo,
Orellana Lorena,
Adasme Marcela,
Baraona Fernando,
Navarrete Carlos,
Acevedo Mónica
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
the journal of clinical hypertension
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.909
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1751-7176
pISSN - 1524-6175
DOI - 10.1111/jch.13904
Subject(s) - medicine , body mass index , odds ratio , blood pressure , creatinine , national health and nutrition examination survey , urinary system , logistic regression , population , endocrinology , environmental health
Abstract Several lifestyle and sociodemographic factors are associated with blood pressure (BP). The authors conducted a retrospective study of 4870 subjects from the National Health Survey 2009 in Chile to identify exposure factors associated with increasing BP levels. Subjects with isolated urinary excretion of sodium (n = 2873), potassium, and creatinine were included to estimate daily salt intake and urinary sodium/potassium (Na/K) ratio. Hypertension was defined according to European guidelines 2018 and American guidelines ACC/AHA 2017. Proportional odds models were developed to analyze education level, sedentarism, smoking, alcohol intake, estimated urinary Na/K ratio, estimated daily salt intake, and body mass index (BMI) as factors associated with increasing BP levels (from high‐normal BP to hypertension). Logistic regression models were checked for overdispersion. Mean age and BMI of the population were 42 years old and 27 kg/m 2 , respectively; 19% had low education level and 27% had hypertension according to European guidelines, whereas 47% according to ACC/AHA criteria. Mean estimated urinary Na/K ratio was 4 ± 2, and mean salt consumption was 10 ± 2 g/day. Estimated urinary Na/K ratio (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.21), BMI (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.07‐1.13), estimated daily salt intake (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.17), and alcohol intake (OR, 1.03; 95% CI, 1.01‐1.05) were significantly associated with hypertension. This study highlights that a healthy diet and weight control should be important components of BP management plans, and it suggests that public policies should include close monitoring of these factors to reduce hypertension prevalence and improve its management in a Latino population.