Open AccessBlood pressure and heart rate related to sex in untreated subjects: the India ABPM study
Author(s) -
Kaul Upendra,
Bhagwat Ajit,
Omboni Stefano,
Pancholia Arvind K.,
Hardas Suhas,
Bardoloi Neil,
Davidson Deepak,
Sivakadaksham Peruvamba R.,
Mohan Jagdish C.,
Vaidyanathan Peruvamba R.,
Natarajan Subramaniam,
Kapardhi Lakshnmi N. P.,
Reddy Karumuri S.,
Solanki Dharmesh,
Makkar Jitendra S.,
Viswanathan M,
Arambam Priyadarshini,
Suvarna Viraj,
Verberk Willem J.
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
the journal of clinical hypertension
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.909
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1751-7176
pISSN - 1524-6175
DOI - 10.1111/jch.13894
Subject(s) - medicine , blood pressure , cardiology , heart rate
Women are underrepresented in groups of patients seeking hypertension care in India. The present paper reports trends in office and ambulatory blood pressure measurement (OBPM, ABPM) and 24‐h heart rate (HR) with sex in 14,977 subjects untreated for hypertension (aged 47.3 ± 13.9 years, males 69.4%) visiting primary care physicians. Results showed that, for systolic blood pressure (SBP), females had lower daytime ABPM (131 ± 16 vs. 133 ± 14 mm Hg, P < .001) but higher nighttime ABPM (122 ± 18 vs. 121 ± 16 mm Hg, P < .001) than males. Females had higher HR than men at daytime (80 ± 11 vs 79 ± 11.5 bpm) and nighttime (71 ± 11 vs 69 ± 11), respectively (all P < .001). Dipping percentages for SBP (7.4 ± 7.3 vs 9.3 ± 7.4%), DBP (10.1 ± 8.6 vs. 12.3 ± 8.9%), and HR (10.7 ± 7.9 vs. 12.8 ± 9.2%) were lower ( P < .001) for females than for males, respectively. Females more often had isolated nighttime hypertension as compared to males (14.9%, n = 684% vs 10.6%, n = 1105; P < .001). BP patterns and HR showed clear differences in sex, particularly at nighttime. As females were more often affected by non‐dipping and elevated nighttime SBP and HR than males, they should receive ABPM, at least, as frequently as men to document higher risk necessitating treatment.