Open AccessThe International Consortium for Quality Research on Dietary Sodium/Salt (TRUE) position statement on the use of 24‐hour, spot, and short duration (<24 hours) timed urine collections to assess dietary sodium intake
Author(s) -
Campbell Norm R. C.,
He Feng J.,
Tan Monique,
Cappuccio Francesco P.,
Neal Bruce,
Woodward Mark,
Cogswell Mary E.,
McLean Rachael,
Arcand Joanne,
MacGregor Graham,
Whelton Paul,
Jula Antti,
L'Abbe Mary R.,
Cobb Laura K.,
Lackland Daniel T.
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
the journal of clinical hypertension
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.909
H-Index - 67
eISSN - 1751-7176
pISSN - 1524-6175
DOI - 10.1111/jch.13551
Subject(s) - medicine , urine sodium , population , urine , sodium , position statement , urine collection device , environmental health , dietary sodium , high sodium , family medicine , blood pressure , chemistry , organic chemistry
The International Consortium for Quality Research on Dietary Sodium/Salt (TRUE) is a coalition of intentional and national health and scientific organizations formed because of concerns low‐quality research methods were creating controversy regarding dietary salt reduction. One of the main sources of controversy is believed related to errors in estimating sodium intake with urine studies. The recommendations and positions in this manuscript were generated following a series of systematic reviews and analyses by experts in hypertension, nutrition, statistics, and dietary sodium. To assess the population's current 24‐hour dietary sodium ingestion, single complete 24‐hour urine samples, collected over a series of days from a representative population sample, were recommended. To accurately estimate usual dietary sodium at the individual level, at least 3 non‐consecutive complete 24‐hour urine collections obtained over a series of days that reflect the usual short‐term variations in dietary pattern were recommended. Multiple 24‐hour urine collections over several years were recommended to estimate an individual's usual long‐term sodium intake. The role of single spot or short duration timed urine collections in assessing population average sodium intake requires more research. Single or multiple spot or short duration timed urine collections are not recommended for assessing an individual's sodium intake especially in relationship to health outcomes. The recommendations should be applied by scientific review committees, granting agencies, editors and journal reviewers, investigators, policymakers, and those developing and creating dietary sodium recommendations. Low‐quality research on dietary sodium/salt should not be funded, conducted, or published.