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Increased risk of head injury in pediatric patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Author(s) -
Grigorian Areg,
Nahmias Jeffry,
Dolich Matthew,
Barrios Cristobal,
Schubl Sebastian D.,
Sheehan Brian,
Lekawa Michael
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of child and adolescent psychiatric nursing
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.331
H-Index - 35
eISSN - 1744-6171
pISSN - 1073-6077
DOI - 10.1111/jcap.12246
Subject(s) - medicine , odds ratio , attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , injury prevention , confidence interval , traumatic brain injury , poison control , head injury , population , pediatrics , occupational safety and health , psychiatry , head trauma , physical therapy , emergency medicine , surgery , environmental health , pathology
Objective The prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the general pediatric population is 7%, whereas the prevalence in trauma is unknown. We hypothesized pediatric patients with ADHD would have a higher risk of involvement in a mechanism of injury (MOI) requiring constant attention to surroundings, such as a bicycle collision. Methods The Pediatric Trauma Quality Improvement Program (2014–2016) was queried for patients with ADHD. Patients, less than 16 years of age, with ADHD were compared to those without ADHD. Results The prevalence of ADHD was 2.5% (2,866). ADHD patients had higher risk for bicycle collision (odds ratio [OR], 1.85; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59–2.15; p < .001). ADHD bicyclists were less likely to wear a helmet (9.4% vs. 18.2%, p = .003) and had a higher rate of traumatic brain injury (TBI; 55.6% vs. 39.7%, p < .001), compared to non‐ADHD bicyclists. Conclusions Pediatric ADHD patients have a 60% higher risk of being involved in a bicycle collision. ADHD patients that are involved in a bicycle collision are less likely to wear a helmet with a higher rate of TBI. Increased public awareness, education, and supervision may help reduce risk of bicycle collisions and TBI in this population.