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An event model for phylogenetic biogeography using explicitly geographical ranges
Author(s) -
Arias J. Salvador
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of biogeography
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.7
H-Index - 158
eISSN - 1365-2699
pISSN - 0305-0270
DOI - 10.1111/jbi.13024
Subject(s) - sympatry , vicariance , biogeography , range (aeronautics) , event (particle physics) , heuristics , computer science , phylogenetic tree , data mining , ecology , biology , astrophysics , physics , gene , biochemistry , materials science , habitat , phylogeography , composite material , operating system
Abstract Aim To develop and implement a method for phylogenetic biogeography that is both event based and geographically explicit, that is, that uses the geographical ranges observed in the terminals instead of ‘predefined areas.’ Methods The method, GEM (Geographically explicit Event Model), attributes vicariance, sympatry (range copying), point sympatry (subset sympatry) or founder events, to the internal nodes of the tree. The cost of a reconstruction is calculated as the event cost plus the amount of range changes along a branch, and the best reconstruction is the combination of the event and range assignments that minimize the cost. Results The approach was implemented in a computer program, evs , using a geographical data model (a raster) in which range changes were measured by pixel counts. The program can be used in real‐sized datasets, using an heuristic to find reasonable solutions in short times. Main conclusion GEM provides a method for direct analysis of joint data on phylogeny and explicit distribution ranges, and proposes both the ancestral ranges and the biogeographical events connected with cladogenesis.