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Possible character displacement of an introduced mongoose and native marten on Adriatic Islands, Croatia
Author(s) -
Barun Arijana,
Simberloff Daniel,
Meiri Shai,
Tvrtković Nikola,
Tadić Zoran
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of biogeography
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.7
H-Index - 158
eISSN - 1365-2699
pISSN - 0305-0270
DOI - 10.1111/jbi.12587
Subject(s) - mongoose , character displacement , marten , biology , sympatric speciation , carnivore , ecology , zoology , range (aeronautics) , interspecific competition , sympatry , geography , habitat , predation , materials science , composite material
Abstract Aim Character displacement and release can occur quickly in novel environments and communities. Species introductions are ‘natural experiments’ in which evolutionary changes can be studied as community composition varies. We asked whether morphologies of the introduced small Indian mongoose ( Herpestes auropunctatus ) and the larger native stone marten ( Martes foina ) on Adriatic islands where they are sympatric or allopatric are consistent with hypotheses of character displacement and release, respectively. Location The mongoose is native to Asia and has been introduced to over 60 islands. We measured specimens from several island groups and the native region. The marten is native to Eurasia and several European islands, and we have measurements throughout most of its native range. Methods We measured skull length and the maximum diameter of the upper canine tooth in both species on Adriatic islands and compared these traits with those in other sites. Results The mongoose has smaller canines and skulls on the three Adriatic islands it co‐occupies with the marten compared with other islands of introduction, consistent with the hypothesis of character displacement. It is not larger on the Adriatic island where it is the sole carnivore than on other Adriatic islands, which contradicts the hypothesis of character release. Marten skulls are shorter on three islands with no mongooses than on one island where the mongoose is present, consistent with the hypothesis of character release. However, marten canine diameters are similar across Adriatic islands. Main conclusions On Adriatic islands, interspecific competition between the mongoose and the marten is most likely what maintains small size in the mongoose and prevents the character release observed on other islands of introduction lacking mammalian competitors. The marten may have undergone character displacement because of the mongoose introduction on at least one Adriatic island and possibly all three islands where the species co‐occur.