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A time to make (and lose) friends: effects of soccer tournaments on G erman adolescents' attitudes toward foreigners
Author(s) -
Gniewosz Burkhard,
Noack Peter,
Kessler Thomas,
Eckstein Katharina
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of applied social psychology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.822
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1559-1816
pISSN - 0021-9029
DOI - 10.1111/jasp.12047
Subject(s) - german , psychology , championship , moderation , social psychology , social identity theory , identification (biology) , generalization , world championship , developmental psychology , social group , advertising , mathematics , mathematical analysis , botany , archaeology , biology , business , history
The present research examined the effects of one's national sports team defeats in international competitions on adolescents' out‐group attitudes and the moderation of these effects by in‐group identification. We conducted two longitudinal studies surveying G erman adolescents ( S occer W orld C hampionship 2006 and E uropean C hampionship 2008). Both studies showed deterioration in adolescents' evaluations of people from the countries whose soccer teams defeated the G erman team ( I taly and S pain). There was no generalization to other national groups. The deterioration in out‐group evaluations was shown to be more pronounced for adolescents reporting a high in‐group identification. The results are discussed in terms of macro‐societal effects on adolescents' attitude development and the function that intergroup bias serves for social identity.