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Subjective sleep quality in relation to objective sleep estimates: comparison, gender differences and changes between the acute phase and the six‐month follow‐up after stroke
Author(s) -
Bakken Linda N.,
Kim Hesook Suzie,
Finset Arnstein,
Lerdal Anners
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of advanced nursing
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.948
H-Index - 155
eISSN - 1365-2648
pISSN - 0309-2402
DOI - 10.1111/jan.12228
Subject(s) - actigraphy , sleep (system call) , pittsburgh sleep quality index , medicine , physical therapy , sleep onset , stroke (engine) , sleep debt , psychology , sleep quality , sleep disorder , insomnia , psychiatry , operating system , mechanical engineering , computer science , engineering
Aims To describe sleep experiences after stroke using subjective and objective indicators and identify possible gender differences in sleep in the acute phase and at 6‐month follow‐up. Background Sleep disturbances after stoke are recognized, but poorly described. Gender differences in sleep exist in other populations, but have not been reported after stroke. Design A longitudinal cohort study. Method Subjective sleep quality was measured with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and objective sleep was estimated with actigraphy in 100 patients in the acute phase and six months after stroke, from April 2007–March 2009. Findings Subjective sleep quality was better and objective wake percentage was lower at follow‐up than in the acute phase after stroke. Actigraphy estimated low sleep efficiency and many awakenings at both time points. Subjective and objective measures were correlated at the 6‐month follow‐up, but not in the acute phase. Women's subjective sleep efficiency and total score on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were worse than men's in the acute phase, but actigraphy estimated that women slept more than men in the course of a day. Women's subjective sleep quality was better at follow‐up than in the acute phase. Men reported worse subjective sleep quality, but better subjective sleep efficiency at follow‐up than in the acute phase, and also had lower objective wake percentage at follow‐up. Conclusions Subjective sleep quality was poor and actigraphy indicated disturbed sleep–wake patterns in the acute phase and at 6‐month follow‐up. Gender differences existed in subjective and objective sleep in the acute phase, but not at follow‐up.