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Impact of gas micro‐nano‐bubbles on the efficacy of commonly used antimicrobials in the food industry
Author(s) -
Singh A.,
Sekhon A.S.,
Unger P.,
Babb M.,
Yang Y.,
Michael M.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.889
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2672
pISSN - 1364-5072
DOI - 10.1111/jam.14840
Subject(s) - peracetic acid , food science , antimicrobial , listeria monocytogenes , citric acid , food industry , chemistry , chlorine , lactic acid , microbiology and biotechnology , bacteria , biology , biochemistry , organic chemistry , genetics , hydrogen peroxide
Aim To study the impact of incorporating micro‐nano‐bubbles (MNBs) in commonly used food antimicrobials (AMs) against Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EC) and Listeria monocytogenes (LM). Methods and Results Air, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrogen (N 2 ) were used to incorporate MNBs in city water. AM solution (with or without MNBs) of 9 ml was individually taken into sterile test tubes and mixed with 1 ml of inoculum grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth to get the net AM concentrations of 28·4 ppm peracetic acid (PAA), 200 ppm chlorine (Cl 2 ), 5·4% citric acid (CA) and 4·5% lactic acid (LA). After treatment time of 1·5 and 3·0 min, 1 ml of sample was neutralized using Dey–Engley neutralizing broth and plated on BHI agar. For EC, Cl 2 ‐CO 2 solutions resulted in significantly greater log reductions (5·2 logs) compared to that of Cl 2 solutions without MNBs (3·8 logs). For LM, PAA‐CO 2 solutions resulted in significantly greater log reductions (4·4 logs) compared to that of PAA solutions without MNBs (1·7 logs). Conclusions This study demonstrated that the efficacy of Cl 2 and PAA AM solutions could be increased by incorporating CO 2 ‐MNBs against EC and LM in microbiological growth medium. Significance and Impact of the Study Incorporation of CO 2 ‐MNBs in AM solutions could increase the efficacy of AMs against pathogens on/in food matrices, which should be tested in future research.