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Bacillus toyonensis BCT‐7112 T transient supplementation improves vaccine efficacy in ewes vaccinated against Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin
Author(s) -
Santos F.D.S.,
Ferreira M.R.A.,
Maubrigades L.R.,
Gonçalves V.S.,
Lara A.P.S.,
Moreira C.,
Salvarani F.M.,
Conceição F.R.,
Leivas Leite F.P.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.889
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2672
pISSN - 1364-5072
DOI - 10.1111/jam.14814
Subject(s) - immune system , clostridium perfringens , vaccination , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , antibody , humoral immunity , immunology , genetics , bacteria
Aim The aim of the present study was to examine the vaccine immune response in ewes supplemented with Bacillus toyonensis BCT‐7112 T during a period of 5‐day supplementation before vaccination against a recombinant Clostridium perfringens epsilon toxin (rETX). Methods and Results Ewes were vaccinated with 200 µ g of rETX adjuvanted with 10% aluminium hydroxide. The treat group was orally supplemented with B. toyonensis BCT‐7112 T (3 × 10 8 viable spores) for 5 days prior to the first and second vaccination. Ewes supplemented with B. toyonensis BCT‐7112 T showed higher neutralizing antibody titres than the non‐supplemented ewes ( P < 0·05), with an increase in serum levels for total IgG anti‐rETX by 3·2‐fold ( P < 0·0001), and for both IgG isotypes IgG1 and IgG2 by 2·1‐fold and 2·3‐fold ( P < 0·01), respectively, compared with the control group. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ewes in the supplemented group had a higher ( P < 0·05) cytokine mRNA transcription levels for IL‐2 (6·4‐fold increase), IFN‐γ (2·9‐fold increase) and transcription factor Bcl6 (2·3‐fold increase) compared with the control group. Conclusion We conclude that a 5 days of supplementation with B. toyonensis BCT‐7112 T prior vaccination is sufficient to significantly improve the humoral immune response of ewes against C. perfringens recombinant ETX vaccine. Significance and Impact of the study These findings open a new perspective in the utilization of B. toyonensis BCT‐7112 T as an immunomodulator since a 5 days period of probiotic supplementation is sufficient to improve the vaccine immune response.