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Biomanagement of rice root‐knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola using five indigenous microbial isolates under pot and field trials
Author(s) -
Khan M.R.,
Haque Z.,
Ahamad F.,
Zaidi B.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.889
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2672
pISSN - 1364-5072
DOI - 10.1111/jam.14788
Subject(s) - trichoderma harzianum , biology , graminicola , root knot nematode , nematode , pseudomonas fluorescens , biological pest control , sowing , agronomy , transplanting , carbofuran , seed treatment , horticulture , radopholus similis , veterinary medicine , bacteria , microbiology and biotechnology , pesticide , ecology , genetics , germination , pathogen , medicine
Aims To ascertain the effectiveness of Aspergillus niger , Trichoderma harzianum , Pochonia chlamydosporia, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens against rice root‐knot nematode, Meloidogyne graminicola , and to optimize their application methods. Methods and Results The relative effectiveness of five indigenous biocontrol agents (BCA) against M. graminicola on rice cv. PS‐5 was tested initially in pot culture. The BCAs, A. niger , P. chlamydosporia and P. fluorescens proved more effective, and significantly reduced the nematode disease. It is hypothesized that success of a biocontrol module may vary with the BCA and application methods. Hence, the effectiveness of the above three BCAs as well as seven different treatment schemes were evaluated in naturally infested farmer’s fields during 2 consecutive years. In nematode‐infested plots without any BCA treatments, terminal galls formed on the roots, and plants suffered a 19–31% decrease in the growth and yield. The treatments with P. chlamydosporia or A. niger through root‐dip (RD) plus one soil application (SA) at 15 days after planting were found to be highly effective against the nematode. Conclusions Relatively greater nematode control was achieved with RD plus two SAs (15 + 30 DAP) but statistically the effect was on par with RD + one SA at 15 DAP. These treatments significantly reduced galling (22–25%), egg mass production (21–29%) and reproduction factor (63–70%) of M. graminicola , and subsequently increased the grain yield (11–21%). Significance and Impact of the Study Application methods enhanced the effectiveness of BCAs against M. graminicola . The RD plus one SA at 15 DAP proved to be most effective treatment to control root‐knot disease in rice. Use of multiple treatments (root dip and SA) appears cumbersome, but in view of effectiveness and limitation of chemical control in rice paddies, farmers may adopt the above module that may lead to 11–21% yield improvement.