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Root colonization by endophytic insect‐pathogenic fungi
Author(s) -
Hu S.,
Bidochka M.J.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.889
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2672
pISSN - 1364-5072
DOI - 10.1111/jam.14503
Subject(s) - biology , symbiosis , insect , botany , metarhizium , endophyte , rhizosphere , plant use of endophytic fungi in defense , pathogenic fungus , colonization , fungus , host (biology) , hypocreales , plant immunity , biological pest control , ascomycota , ecology , bacteria , entomopathogenic fungi , arabidopsis , gene , biochemistry , genetics , mutant
Summary Several ascomycetous insect‐pathogenic fungi, including species in the genera Beauveria and Metarhizium , are plant root symbionts/endophytes and are termed as endophytic insect‐pathogenic fungi (EIPF). The endophytic capability and insect pathogenicity of Metarhizium are coupled to provide an active method of insect‐derived nitrogen transfer to plant hosts via fungal mycelia. In exchange for the insect‐derived nitrogen, the plant provides photosynthate to the fungus. This symbiotic interaction offers other benefits to the plant—EIPF can improve plant growth, they are antagonistic to plant pathogens and herbivores and can enhance the plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. The mechanisms and underlying biochemical and genetic features of insect pathogenesis are generally well‐established. However, there is a paucity of information regarding the underlying mechanisms in this plant‐symbiotic association. Here we review five aspects of EIPF interactions with host plant roots: (i) rhizosphere colonization, (ii) signalling factors from the plant and EIPF, (iii) modulation of plant defence responses, (iv) nutrient exchange and (v) tripartite interactions with insects and other micro‐organisms. The elucidation of these interactions is fundamental to understanding this symbiotic association for effective application of EIPF in an agricultural setting.