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Effects of cytochalasin E on Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Author(s) -
Mendes G.,
Baltazar L.M.,
Souza D.G.,
Sá N.P.,
Rosa L.H.,
Rosa C.A.,
SouzaFagundes E.M.,
Ramos J.P.,
AlvesSilva J.,
Cota B.B.,
Johann S.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.889
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2672
pISSN - 1364-5072
DOI - 10.1111/jam.14053
Subject(s) - paracoccidioides brasiliensis , cytochalasin d , cytochalasin , biology , paracoccidioidomycosis , microbiology and biotechnology , cytochalasin b , phagocytosis , paracoccidioides , in vitro , cell , cytoskeleton , biochemistry
Aims To determine the effects of cytochalasin E, isolated from the extremophile fungus Aspergillus felis , on the cells of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Pb18. Methods and Results Cytochalasin E showed a minimal inhibitory concentration of 3·6 μ mol l −1 and minimum fungicidal concentration of 7·2 μ mol l −1 on P. brasiliensis by in vitro microdilution and IC 50 >964·0 μ mol l −1 on murine macrophages. Its selectivity index (>263) indicated that this compound has selectivity for fungal cells. Morphological alterations were determined by optical and fluorescence microscopy, as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Cytochalasin E affected P. brasiliensis bud‐forming pseudohyphae, cell morphology, cell walls and cell membranes; caused the release of cellular material; and resulted in the production of reactive oxygen species. In murine macrophages, it affected cytoskeletal actin and inhibited phagocytosis. Conclusion Cytochalasin E may be useful as an antifungal prototype against P. brasiliensis and in studies on phagocytosis. Significance and Impact of the Study Paracoccidioides spp. are the etiological agents of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM). Treatment is prolonged to control the clinical manifestations and prevent relapse. The study on the effects of cytochalasin E in P. brasiliensis is important because it can be used as a prototype for new antifungal drugs and consequently, broadens the treatment options for PCM.