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Rhamnolipids and lactonic sophorolipids: natural antimicrobial surfactants for oral hygiene
Author(s) -
Elshikh M.,
MoyaRamírez I.,
Moens H.,
Roelants S.,
Soetaert W.,
Marchant R.,
Banat I.M.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.889
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2672
pISSN - 1364-5072
DOI - 10.1111/jam.13550
Subject(s) - antimicrobial , streptococcus oralis , microbiology and biotechnology , streptococcus mutans , broth microdilution , chemistry , actinomyces naeslundii , biofilm , resazurin , streptococcus mitis , streptococcus sanguinis , minimum inhibitory concentration , triclosan , food science , bacteria , biology , streptococcus , medicine , genetics , pathology
Aims To assess the efficacy of rhamnolipid (mixture of monorhamnolipid and dirhamnolipid congeners), purified monorhamnolipid, dirhamnolipid and lactonic sophorolipid biosurfactants against pathogens important for oral hygiene. Methods and Results Acquired and produced biosurfactants were fully characterized to allow the antimicrobial activity to be assigned to the biosurfactant congeners. Antimicrobial activity was assessed using the resazurin‐aided microdilution method. Mixed rhamnolipid JBR 425 ( MR ) and lactonic sophorolipids (LSLs) demonstrated the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC ) which ranged between 100 and 400  μ g ml −1 against Streptococcus mutans , Streptococcus oralis , Actinomyces naeslundii , Neisseria mucosa and Streptococcus sanguinis . Combining these biosurfactants with standard antimicrobial agents namely chlorhexidine, sodium lauryl sulphate, tetracycline HC l and ciprofloxacin showed a dramatic drop in the MIC values. In addition, in vitro studies demonstrated the biosurfactants’ ability to prevent and disrupt oral pathogens biofilms. The increased permeability of microorganisms treated with biosurfactant, as shown using bisbenzimide dye, in part explains the inhibition effect. Conclusion The results demonstrate that rhamnolipids and LSLs have the ability to inhibit oral pathogens both in planktonic and oral biofilm states. Significance and Impact of the Study The findings indicate the potential value of biosurfactants for both oral hygiene and the pharmaceutical industries since there is a serious need to reduce the reliance on synthetic antimicrobials and antibiotics.

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