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Development of antimicrobial nanoemulsion‐based delivery systems against selected pathogenic bacteria using a thymol‐rich Thymus daenensis essential oil
Author(s) -
Ghaderi L.,
Moghimi R.,
Aliahmadi A.,
McClements D.J.,
Rafati H.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.889
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2672
pISSN - 1364-5072
DOI - 10.1111/jam.13541
Subject(s) - thymol , essential oil , antibacterial activity , emulsion , antimicrobial , pseudomonas aeruginosa , minimum bactericidal concentration , chemistry , food science , minimum inhibitory concentration , chromatography , microbiology and biotechnology , bacteria , organic chemistry , biology , genetics
Aims Thymol‐rich medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicine to relieve infectious diseases. However, the application of essential oils as medicine is limited by its low water solubility and high vapour pressure. The objective of this study was to produce stable nanoemulsions of Thymus daenensis oil in water by preventing Ostwald ripening and phase separation. Methods and Results The antibacterial activity of bulk and emulsified essential oil against selected pathogenic bacteria including Gram‐negative ( Haemophilus influenzae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa ) and Gram‐positive ( Streptococcus pneumoniae ) were investigated in the liquid and vapour phase. The optimum formulation (L2) contained 2% Tween 80 (surfactant) and 0·1% lecithin (cosurfactant) had a mean droplet diameter of 131 nm. In the liquid phase, the optimized nanoemulsion exhibited good antibacterial activity against S. pneumonia with MIC value of 0·0039 mg mL −1 . In the vapour phase, the MIC values against S. pneumonia were similar (<7·35 μ L L −1 ) for both bulk and emulsified essential oil. However, there was no antibacterial activity in the vapour phase against H. influenzae and P. aeruginosa . Analysis of thymol concentration in the head space indicated that the nanoemulsion retarded the release of thymol into the vapour phase. Conclusions These findings highlight the potential applications of nanoemulsions containing essential oils as antibacterial products. Significance and Impact of the study The results of the current study highlight the advantages of nanoemulsification for improvement of the physicochemical properties and the antibacterial activity of T. daenensis EO s in the liquid and vapour phase for therapeutic purposes.