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Norovirus molecular detection in Uruguayan sewage samples reveals a high genetic diversity and GII .4 variant replacement along time
Author(s) -
Victoria M.,
Tort L.F.L.,
Lizasoain A.,
García M.,
Castells M.,
Berois M.,
Divizia M.,
Leite J.P.G.,
Miagostovich M.P.,
Cristina J.,
Colina R.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.889
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2672
pISSN - 1364-5072
DOI - 10.1111/jam.13058
Subject(s) - norovirus , genotype , outbreak , genetic diversity , biology , acute gastroenteritis , molecular epidemiology , veterinary medicine , rotavirus , sewage , virology , capsid , feces , microbiology and biotechnology , virus , medicine , genetics , gene , population , environmental health , engineering , waste management
Aims To determine the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of norovirus (NoV) genogroup I ( GI ) and GII in Uruguay. Methods and Results One hundred and sixteen sewage samples were collected in six cities (Bella Unión, Salto, Paysandú, Fray Bentos, Melo and Treinta y Tres) from March 2011 to April 2013, viruses were concentrated by ultracentrifugation and NoV studies were performed by semi‐nested RT ‐ PCR (partial capsid region). NoV were detected in samples from all the cities and detected in 72% (84/116) of the samples with nine of them belonging to GI , 48 to GII and 27 to both genogroups. Remarkably, a high genetic diversity was identified: GII .2 ( n = 13), GII .4 ( n = 13), GI .1 ( n = 5), GI .4 ( n = 5), GI .8 ( n = 4), GII .13 ( n = 4), GII .1 ( n = 3), GII .6 ( n = 3), GI .3 ( n = 1), GI .5 ( n = 1), GI .6 ( n = 1), GII .3 ( n = 1), GII .17 ( n = 1). Interestingly, a complete replacement of GII .4 New Orleans 2009 by GII .4 Sydney 2012 variants during 2012 was evidenced. Conclusion This study reveals a high circulation of different NoV GI and GII genotypes in sewage evidencing a replacement of GII .4 variants. Significance and Impact of Study This approach can be used as an indicator of the presence of a new GII .4 variant which can originate an increase in acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide.