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Antifungal activity of secondary plant metabolites from potatoes ( S olanum tuberosum L.): Glycoalkaloids and phenolic acids show synergistic effects
Author(s) -
SánchezMaldonado A.F.,
Schieber A.,
Gänzle M.G.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.889
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2672
pISSN - 1364-5072
DOI - 10.1111/jam.13056
Subject(s) - caffeic acid , sterol , solanum tuberosum , antifungal , biology , biochemistry , solanaceae , glycoalkaloid , chemistry , secondary metabolite , botany , microbiology and biotechnology , antioxidant , cholesterol , gene
Aims To study the antifungal effects of the potato secondary metabolites α ‐solanine, α ‐chaconine, solanidine and caffeic acid, alone or combined. Methods and Results Resistance to glycoalkaloids varied among the fungal species tested, as derived from minimum inhibitory concentrations assays. Synergistic antifungal activity between glycoalkaloids and phenolic compounds was found. Changes in the fluidity of fungal membranes caused by potato secondary plant metabolites were determined by calculation of the generalized polarization values. The results partially explained the synergistic effect between caffeic acid and α ‐chaconine and supported findings on membrane disruption mechanisms from previous studies on artificial membranes. LC / MS analysis was used to determine variability and relative amounts of sterols in the different fungal species. Results suggested that the sterol pattern of fungi is related to their resistance to potato glycoalkaloids and to their taxonomy. Conclusion Fungal resistance to α ‐chaconine and possibly other glycoalkaloids is species dependent. α ‐Chaconine and caffeic acid show synergistic antifungal activity. The taxonomic classification and the sterol pattern play a role in fungal resistance to glycoalkaloids. Significance and Impact of the Study Results improve the understanding of the antifungal mode of action of potato secondary metabolites, which is essential for their potential utilization as antifungal agents in nonfood systems.