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Antifungal activity of various essential oils against R hizoctonia solani and M acrophomina phaseolina as major bean pathogens
Author(s) -
Khaledi N.,
Taheri P.,
Tarighi S.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.889
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2672
pISSN - 1364-5072
DOI - 10.1111/jam.12730
Subject(s) - macrophomina phaseolina , rhizoctonia solani , biology , horticulture , mentha arvensis , antifungal , thymol , botrytis cinerea , hypha , thymus vulgaris , botany , food science , essential oil , microbiology and biotechnology
Aims The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various essential oils ( EO s) to decrease the activity of cell wall degrading enzymes ( CWDE s) produced by fungal phytopathogens, which are associated with disease progress. Also, effect of seed treatment and foliar application of peppermint EO and its main constituent, menthol, on diseases caused by two necrotrophic pathogens on bean was investigated .Methods and Results Antifungal activity of EO s on Rhizoctonia solani and Macrophomina phaseolina , as bean pathogens, was evaluated. The EO s of Mentha piperita , Bunium persicum and Thymus vulgaris revealed the highest antifungal activity against fungi. The EO of M. piperita had the lowest minimum inhibitory concentration ( MIC ) for R. solani among the three EO s tested. This pathogen did not grow in the presence of M. piperita , B. persicum and T. vulgaris EO s at 850, 1200 and 1100 ppm concentrations, respectively. The B. persicum EO had the lowest MIC for M. phaseolina as this fungus did not grow in the presence of M. piperita , B. persicum and T. vulgaris EO s at concentrations of 975, 950 and 1150 ppm, respectively. Hyphae exposed to EO s showed structural changes. Activities of cellulase and pectinase, as main CWDE s of pathogens, decreased by EO s at low concentration without effect on fungal growth. Seed treatment and foliar application of peppermint EO and/or menthol significantly reduced the development of bean diseases caused by both fungi. Higher capability of menthol than peppermint EO in decreasing diseases on bean was observed. Conclusions Reducing CDWE s activity is a mechanism of EO s' effect on fungi. Higher antifungal activity of menthol compared to peppermint EO was observed not only in vitro but also in vivo . Significance and Impact of the Study Effect of EO s on CWDE s involved in pathogenesis is described in this study for the first time. Menthol can be used as a botanical fungicide to control destructive fungal diseases on bean.