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Antifungal and antimycotoxigenic metabolites in A nacardiaceae species from northwest A rgentina: isolation, identification and potential for control of F usarium species
Author(s) -
Aristimuño Ficoseco M.E.,
Vattuone M.A.,
Audenaert K.,
Catalán C.A.N.,
Sampietro D.A.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.889
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2672
pISSN - 1364-5072
DOI - 10.1111/jam.12436
Subject(s) - anacardiaceae , biology , isolation (microbiology) , antifungal , fusarium , botany , biological pest control , identification (biology) , fungi imperfecti , microbiology and biotechnology
Aims The purpose of this research was to identify antifungal compounds from leaves of S chinus and S chinopsis species useful for the control of toxigenic F usarium species responsible of ear rot diseases. Methods and Results Leaves of S chinopsis ( S . lorentzii and S . haenkeana ) and S chinus ( S . areira , S . gracilipes and S . fasciculatus ) were sequentially extracted with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol. The antifungal activity of the fraction soluble in methanol of these extracts (f CH 2 C l 2 , f A c E t and f M e OH , respectively) was determined by the broth microdilution method and the disc‐diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory dose ( MID ), the diameter of growth inhibition ( DGI ) and the minimum concentration for 50% inhibition of fungal growth ( MIC 50 ) were calculated. The f CH 2 C l 2 and f A c E t of the S chinopsis species had the lowest MID and MIC 50 values and the highest DGI . The antifungal compounds were identified as lupeol and a mix of phenolic lipids. The last one had the highest antifungal activity with MIC 50 31–28 μ g g −1 and 165–150 μ g g −1 on F usarium graminearum and F usarium verticillioides , respectively. The identified metabolites completely inhibited fumonisin and deoxynivalenol production at lower concentrations than ferulic acid, a natural antimycotoxigenic compound. Conclusions It was proven that lupeol and phenolic lipids were inhibitors of both fungal growth and mycotoxin production of toxigenic F usarium species. This fact is specially interesting in the control of the toxigenic F usarium species because several commercial antifungals showed to stimulate mycotoxin biosynthesis at sublethal concentrations. Significance and Impact of the Study Control of toxigenic F usarium species requires compounds able to inhibit both fungal growth and mycotoxin production. Our results suggest that the use of lupeol as food preservative and the phenolic lipids as fungal growth inhibitors of F . verticillioides and F . graminearum did not imply an increase in mycotoxin accumulation.