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Dynamics of N eotyphodium uncinatum and N ‐formylloline in I talian ryegrass, and their relation to insect resistance in the field
Author(s) -
Matsukura K.,
Shiba T.,
Sasaki T.,
Yoshida K.,
Matsumura M.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.889
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2672
pISSN - 1364-5072
DOI - 10.1111/jam.12374
Subject(s) - biology , inflorescence , neotyphodium , botany , endophyte , horticulture , poaceae , lolium perenne
Aims A fungal endophyte, N eotyphodium uncinatum , accumulates N ‐formylloline, which is toxic to H emipteran insects, in Italian ryegrass. This study aimed to clarify the dynamics of N . uncinatum and N ‐formylloline in Italian ryegrass, and their relationship to insect resistance. Methods and Results Changes in the density and localization of N . uncinatum and N ‐formylloline in N . uncinatum ‐infected I talian ryegrass were examined by real‐time PCR and gas chromatography, respectively. N eotyphodium uncinatum multiplied on pseudostems at the flowering stage, and then increased on inflorescences at the ripening stage. On the other hand, N ‐formylloline accumulated heavily in inflorescences and leaf blades, but lightly in pseudostems at the ripening stage. In field experiments, N . uncinatum ‐infected Italian ryegrass suppressed the occurrence of S tenotus rubrovittatus , which fed on the inflorescences, but was not effective to L aodelphax striatellus , which do not necessarily prefer a particular plant tissue. Conclusion Localization of N . uncinatum and N ‐formylloline were discordant in I talian ryegrass. The N . uncinatum ‐infected I talian ryegrass was effective to only insects that prefer to feed on particular plant tissues containing N ‐formylloline. Significance and Impact of Study Our data implies that the relationship between insect habits and the dynamics of alkaloids in plants is important for the effective use of endophyte‐infected crops.