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Glutathione‐enriched baker's yeast: production, bioaccessibility and intestinal transport assays
Author(s) -
Musatti A.,
Devesa V.,
Calatayud M.,
Vélez D.,
Manzoni M.,
Rollini M.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.889
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2672
pISSN - 1364-5072
DOI - 10.1111/jam.12363
Subject(s) - glutathione , yeast , viability assay , biochemistry , oxidative stress , biotransformation , chemistry , digestion (alchemy) , saccharomyces cerevisiae , in vitro , biology , food science , chromatography , enzyme
Aims A glutathione ( GSH ) yeast‐based biomass ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) was used to investigate GSH stability, solubilization during gastrointestinal digestion and GSH intestinal transport. Methods and Results A postgrowing procedure was applied to improve intracellular GSH yeast content. The presence of adenine ( ADE ) in the biotransformation solution ( CYS ‐ GLY ‐ GLU mixture) and alternatively, a glucose shot after 4‐h incubation, allowed to obtain cells containing about GSH 1·6–1·7% dcw (dry cell weight) (control 0·5%). Yeast samples were subjected to in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and absorption assays employing Caco‐2 and HT29‐MTX cell lines in different proportions (100/0, 70/30 and 50/50). Trials were also performed to verify intestinal cell viability. Conclusions At least 87% of ingested GSH is available in reduced form for intestinal absorption. In vitro GSH transport assays indicated that GSH is poorly absorbed (<20%). Nevertheless, studies in response to oxidative stress induced by H 2 O 2 demonstrated a protective role of the GSH ‐enriched biomass towards intestinal cell viability. Significance and Impact of Study An enriched GSH yeast‐based biomass has been obtained using a postgrowing procedure. Although GSH present in enriched yeasts is poorly absorbed by intestinal cells, this biomass showed an intestinal local protective effect, improving cells viability when a simulated oxidative stress was applied.