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Ex vivo porcine vaginal mucosal model of infection for determining effectiveness and toxicity of antiseptics
Author(s) -
Anderson M.J.,
Scholz M.T.,
Parks P.J.,
Peterson M.L.
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of applied microbiology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.889
H-Index - 156
eISSN - 1365-2672
pISSN - 1364-5072
DOI - 10.1111/jam.12277
Subject(s) - ex vivo , staphylococcus aureus , microbiology and biotechnology , in vivo , antiseptic , antimicrobial , staining , cytotoxicity , explant culture , toxicity , biguanide , chemistry , in vitro , biology , medicine , bacteria , pathology , biochemistry , genetics , organic chemistry , metformin , diabetes mellitus , endocrinology
Aims To develop a semi‐high‐throughput ex vivo mucosal model for determining efficacy and toxicity of antiseptics. Methods and Results Explants (5 mm) from freshly excised, porcine vaginal mucosa were infected with methicillin‐sensitive S taphylococcus aureus (1 × 10 6 CFU) at the epithelial surface for 2 h. Haematoxylin and eosin staining revealed healthy uninfected tissue and only minor disruptions in tissue infected with methicillin susceptible Staph. aureus (MSSA), which remained in outer epithelial cell layers. After 2 h infection, 10 μl of chlorhexidine digluconate ( CHG , 3%), povidone‐iodine ( PI , 7·5%), octenidine dihydrochloride ( OCT , 0·1%) or polyhexamethylene biguanide ( PHMB , 0·1%) was applied. Antiseptics significantly reduced MSSA (1–4 log 10 CFU/explants) after 0·25 h to 4 h. CHG , PHMB and OCT exhibited persistence at 24 h. In broth culture, CHG 0·012% and PI 0·625% achieved >6 log 10 reductions at 2 h. PI ‐based formulations were more efficacious than unformulated PI . PI ‐based formulations exhibited no significant cytotoxicity on explants using an MTT assay. Conclusions All antiseptics tested in the mucosal MSSA infection model reduced MSSA . CHG and PI were more potent in broth culture. Significance and Impact of the Study We developed a semi‐high‐throughput mucosal model that can identify compounds or formulations with promising antimicrobial and limited cytotoxic properties.