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In situ hot‐stage TEM of the phase and domain evolution in quenched Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 TiO 3 –BaTiO 3
Author(s) -
Fetzer AnnKatrin,
Wohninsland Andreas,
Lalitha K.V.,
Kleebe HansJoachim
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/jace.18266
Subject(s) - materials science , quenching (fluorescence) , tetragonal crystal system , ferroelectricity , atmospheric temperature range , phase transition , phase (matter) , lamellar structure , dielectric , analytical chemistry (journal) , crystallography , condensed matter physics , thermodynamics , crystal structure , chemistry , optics , physics , optoelectronics , organic chemistry , chromatography , fluorescence , composite material
Abstract Quenching relaxor ferroelectric 0.94(Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 )TiO 3 –0.06BaTiO 3 (NBT‐6BT) enhances the depolarization temperature ( T d ), linked to the stabilization of ferroelectric order. The thermal evolution of the domain structure and phase assemblage provides insights about the onset of ferroelectric order in quenched materials. Unpoled furnace cooled and quenched NBT‐6BT ceramics were studied using in situ temperature‐dependent transmission electron microscopy. The rhombohedral to tetragonal structural transition in furnace cooled and quenched samples occurs in a comparable temperature range of 120°C–220°C. While the tetragonal phase is characterized by polar nanoregions (PNRs) and no domain contrast in the furnace cooled state, the quenched composition exhibits an increased fraction of lamellar domains, which are partially stable up to 300°C, thus benefiting the delayed depolarization. This is further corroborated by the dielectric data indicating earlier freezing of PNR dynamics in the quenched state. The reversibility of the phase transition is demonstrated by successive cooling, where quenched NBT‐6BT features an increased grainy PNR contrast after the experiment, followed by a kinetically delayed coalescence of PNRs back into lamellar domains. This demonstrates that the stabilized ferroelectric state upon quenching is associated with the conversion of polar units on the nanometer scale into long‐range domain structures.