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The effect of cesium content on the thermodynamic stability and chemical durability of (Ba , Cs) 1.33 (Al,Ti) 8 O 16 hollandite
Author(s) -
Zhao Mingyang,
Amoroso Jake W.,
Fenker Kalee M.,
DiPrete David P.,
Misture Scott,
Utlak Stephen,
Besmann Theodore,
Brinkman Kyle
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/jace.17422
Subject(s) - hollandite , chemical stability , caesium , tetragonal crystal system , chemistry , phase (matter) , analytical chemistry (journal) , powder diffraction , materials science , mineralogy , nuclear chemistry , inorganic chemistry , crystallography , organic chemistry
Titanate‐based hollandite ceramics are promising nuclear waste forms for Cs immobilization. In this work, a series of Al‐substituted hollandite (Ba , Cs) 1.33 (Al,Ti) 8 O 16 was investigated across a broad compositional range with varying Cs content. Powder X‐ray diffraction showed that all samples exhibited a tetragonal hollandite phase. Enthalpies of formation determined by high‐temperature melt solution calorimetry indicated enhanced thermodynamic stability with increased Cs content, which generally agreed with sublattice‐based thermodynamic calculations. Moreover, enthalpies of formation of the samples were primarily affected by three factors: (a) relative sizes of cations on the A‐sites and B‐sites, (b) tolerance factor, and (c) optical basicity. Fractional element release revealed that Cs retention was significantly improved for the high Cs‐containing hollandite compositions, which were supported by the evolution of microstructure of the pre and postleach particles. Elution studies of Al‐substituted hollandite spiked with radioactive 137 Cs indicated that transmutation of Cs to Ba in the hollandite was accompanied by an increase in the retention of the Cs decay product, suggesting long‐term stability of Al‐substituted hollandite phase.