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A comparative study on in vitro behavior of calcium silicate ceramics synthesized from biowaste resources
Author(s) -
Palakurthy Srinath,
Azeem P. Abdul,
Venugopal Reddy K.,
Penugurti Vasudevarao,
Manavathi Bramanandam
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/jace.16745
Subject(s) - calcium silicate , simulated body fluid , calcium silicate hydrate , materials science , ceramic , chemical engineering , silicate , nuclear chemistry , calcium , fourier transform infrared spectroscopy , mineralogy , scanning electron microscope , chemistry , composite material , metallurgy , cement , engineering
Abstract Calcium silicate ceramics have received significant attention for biomedical applications for their excellent bioactivity and osteoconduction properties. Sol‐gel process is extensively used for the fabrication of calcium silicates. In sol‐gel process, calcium nitrate tetra hydrate (Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O) and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) are used as precursors. However, these precursors are expensive. The objective of this work was to compare in vitro behavior of calcium silicate (CaSiO 3 ) produced using biowaste such as rice husk ash (RHA) and eggshells (coded; NCS) with CaSiO 3 prepared using TEOS and Ca(NO 3 ) 2 ·4H 2 O (coded; CCS). Thermal investigation results revealed that the crystallization temperature for NCS is relatively lower (772°C) than for CCS (870°C). Bioactivity was studied in vitro using simulated body fluid (SBF) with respect to mineralization rate of hydroxyapatite. Mineralization of a greater hydroxyapatite was observed on NCS ceramics than CCS ceramics after incubation for 3, 7, 14 days in SBF solution, which was confirmed using X‐ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive spectroscopy. Degradation studies were conducted in Tris‐HCl solution and the test results revealed that NCS ceramics has lower dissolution rate than CCS ceramics. The antimicrobial assay has shown that NCS samples exhibit significant zone of inhibition against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus which confirmed that the CaSiO 3 prepared from RHA and eggshell can prevent bacteria from adhering to the surface. In addition cell culture studies revealed that NCS ceramics possess good cytocompatibility with MG‐63 cells and significantly promoted cell proliferation.