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The role of diffusion behavior on the formation and evolution of the core‐shell structure in BaTiO 3 ‐based ceramics
Author(s) -
Chen Cheng,
Hao Hua,
Cui Jingjing,
Yu Cong,
Tang Yingfei,
Cao Minghe,
Yao Zhonghua,
Wan Baoquan,
Liu Hanxing
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/jace.16735
Subject(s) - materials science , ceramic , sintering , diffusion , microstructure , dielectric , ceramic capacitor , transmission electron microscopy , particle (ecology) , core (optical fiber) , ion , nanoparticle , mineralogy , chemical engineering , composite material , nanotechnology , capacitor , optoelectronics , thermodynamics , chemistry , oceanography , physics , organic chemistry , quantum mechanics , voltage , geology , engineering
In this work, the influence of starting particle size and sintering conditions on the microstructures and dielectric properties of BaTiO 3 ‐based ceramics coated with 0.3Bi(Zn 1/2 Ti 1/2 )O 3 ‐0.7BaTiO 3 were investigated to reveal the core‐shell structure by using high resolution transmission electron microscopy technique coupled with energy‐dispersive spectrometer analysis. The ion‐diffusion behavior plays a critical role in the formation and evolution of the core‐shell structure and, therefore, significantly influences the dielectric properties. When using starting powders containing BaTiO 3 particles larger than 100 nm in size and sintering for shorter dwelling times (0.5‐2.0 hours), a core‐shell structure could be formed and retained owing to the limited diffusion behavior, enabling BaTiO 3 ‐based ceramics to meet the X8R specification for multilayer ceramic capacitors applications at high temperatures. However, when using 80 nm BaTiO 3 nanopowders and further extending the dwelling time to 6.0 hours, more driving energy was provided to prompt ion diffusion, which led to the compositional inhomogeneity becoming homogenized.