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Electrical fatigue failure in (Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 )TiO 3 –BaTiO 3 relaxor ceramics
Author(s) -
Kumar Nitish,
Shi Xi,
Jones Jacob,
Hoffman Mark
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/jace.16475
Subject(s) - amplitude , arrhenius equation , materials science , coercivity , condensed matter physics , electric field , ferroelectric ceramics , ceramic , ferroelectricity , field (mathematics) , activation energy , composite material , dielectric , physics , mathematics , chemistry , optics , optoelectronics , organic chemistry , quantum mechanics , pure mathematics
Many devices containing ferroelectric ceramics are subjected to different loading conditions and cycles, and lack of adequate long‐term reliability studies is a major concern. Here, we explore a (Na 1/2 Bi 1/2 )TiO 3 –BaTiO 3 solid solution and study electrical fatigue as a function of amplitude, temperature, frequency, and static offset voltage ( dc bias). This is expected to act as a guide for other similar material systems. Empirical relationships to quantify the dependence of fatigue on these parameters are presented. With electric field amplitude ( E max ), the number of cycles to fatigue failure ( N fail ) varies as: E max × N fail a = C , where a and C are constants whose values are different when the field amplitude is below and above the coercive field. With changes in temperature, N fail exhibits an activated behavior and follows an Arrhenius relationship with an activation energy of 0.7 eV at an amplitude above the coercive field. In the absence of self‐heating, a power law relationship is observed between N fail and frequency of fatigue cycles at an amplitude above the coercive field. On applying a dc bias, N fail increases by an order of magnitude, an observation that is attributed to domain switching effects. A majority of the above‐mentioned effects have been explained in terms of the motion of domain walls under a given fatigue condition and their interaction with point defects.