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Discovery and evolution of double P‐E loops in a tetragonal Fe‐doped KT a 0.57 Nb 0.43 O 3 single crystal
Author(s) -
Cao Xilong,
Tian Hao,
Hu Chengpeng,
Wang Yu,
Li Xueyan,
Li Li,
Sun Xiudong,
Zhou Zhongxiang
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/jace.15690
Subject(s) - tetragonal crystal system , dipole , polarization (electrochemistry) , piezoelectricity , electric field , doping , materials science , condensed matter physics , dopant , crystallography , ion , induced polarization , crystal structure , physics , chemistry , electrical resistivity and conductivity , quantum mechanics , composite material
Double polarization‐electric field ( P ‐ E ) loops were observed in Fe‐doped KT a 0.57 Nb 0.43 O 3 (Fe‐ KTN ) crystals because of the restraining effect of the defect dipoles on domain reorientation. In Fe‐ KTN crystals, the positively charged O 2− vacancies and negatively charged dopant Fe 3+ ions form defect dipoles, providing a restoring force for domain reorientation. Moreover, built‐in macro‐polarization was observed depending on the orientation of the defect dipole polarization. The response of the defect dipoles to an external electric field and the evolution of the double P ‐ E loops were investigated. The restraining effect of the defect dipoles on domain reorientation was found to affect normal piezoelectric activities. The domains could maintain the state close to the polarization direction, resulting in an extremely high d 33 value (287 pC /N).