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X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of Ge–Sb–Se pulsed laser deposited thin films
Author(s) -
Baudet Emeline,
Cardinaud Christophe,
Boidin Rémi,
Girard Aurélie,
Gutwirth Jan,
Němec Petr,
Nazabal Virginie
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/jace.15512
Subject(s) - x ray photoelectron spectroscopy , chalcogenide , amorphous solid , thin film , antimony , raman spectroscopy , materials science , analytical chemistry (journal) , pulsed laser deposition , chalcogen , chalcogenide glass , crystallography , nanotechnology , chemistry , optics , optoelectronics , chemical engineering , metallurgy , physics , chromatography , engineering
Pulsed laser deposition was used to prepare amorphous thin films from (GeSe 2 ) 100− x (Sb 2 Se 3 ) x system ( x = 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60). From a wide variety of chalcogenide glass‐forming systems, Ge–Sb–Se one, especially in thin films form, already proved to offer a great potential for photonic devices such as chemical sensors. This system has a large glass‐forming region which gives the possibility to adjust the chemical composition of the glasses according to required physical characteristics. The chemical composition of fabricated thin films was analyzed via X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy ( XPS ) and compared to energy dispersive spectroscopy ( EDS ) data. The results of both techniques agree well: a small deficiency in chalcogen element and an excess of antimony was found. The structure of as‐deposited thin films has been investigated by XPS . The presence of the two main structural units, [GeSe 4 ] and [SbSe 3 ] proposed by Raman scattering spectroscopy data analysis, was confirmed by XPS . Moreover, XPS core level spectra analysis revealed the presence of M–M bonds (M = Ge, Sb) in (Ge,Sb)–Ge–(Se) 3 and (Ge,Sb)–Sb–(Se) 2 entities that could correspond to Ge‐based tetrahedra and Sb‐based pyramids where one of its Se atoms at corners is substituted by Ge or Sb ones. The content of depicted M–M bonds tends to increase with introduction of antimony in the amorphous network of as‐deposited thin films from x = 0 to x = 40 and then it decreases. XPS analysis of as‐deposited thin films shows also the presence of the (Ge,Sb)–Se–(Ge,Sb) and Se–Se–(Ge,Sb) entities.