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A phase diagram of Ba 1‐x Ca x TiO 3 ( x = 0‐0.30) piezoceramics by Raman spectroscopy
Author(s) -
Shu Chang,
Reed Daniel,
Button Tim W.
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/jace.15415
Subject(s) - raman spectroscopy , materials science , phase diagram , piezoelectricity , lead zirconate titanate , perovskite (structure) , barium titanate , ferroelectricity , zirconate , analytical chemistry (journal) , phase transition , phase (matter) , ceramic , titanate , mineralogy , dielectric , crystallography , optoelectronics , composite material , chemistry , optics , condensed matter physics , physics , organic chemistry , chromatography
Piezoelectric ceramics are widely used in sensors, actuators, and ultrasonic transducers due to their ability to achieve efficient conversion between electric and mechanical energy. There is a current drive toward lead‐free material systems capable of achieving comparable piezoelectric performance to environmentally hazardous, but commonly used, lead‐based materials such as lead zirconate titanate. This work constructs an accurate phase diagram for barium calcium titanate (Ba 1‐x Ca x TiO 3 or BCTO ). The substitution of Ca 2+ on the Ba‐site of BCTO is of much interest due to electric property improvements compared to BaTiO 3 . In this work, Ba 1‐x Ca x TiO 3 ( x = 0‐0.30) samples have been made by solid‐state methods and, following initial characterization by X‐ray diffraction ( XRD ), evaluation of changes in the Raman spectra has allowed accurate determination of the phase transition temperatures and the construction of a phase diagram.