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The interaction between molten gallium and the hydrocarbon medium induced by ultrasonic energy—can gallium carbide be formed?
Author(s) -
Kumar Vijay Bhooshan,
Monte Manuel,
Mathon Olivier,
Pascarelli Sakura,
Porat Ze'ev,
Gedanken Aharon
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/jace.14869
Subject(s) - gallium , xanes , extended x ray absorption fine structure , raman spectroscopy , materials science , carbide , absorption (acoustics) , decane , dispersion (optics) , analytical chemistry (journal) , absorption spectroscopy , chemistry , spectroscopy , organic chemistry , metallurgy , composite material , optics , physics , quantum mechanics
Ultrasonic irradiation of molten gallium in organic liquids (decane, dodecane, etc.) results in dispersion of the gallium into nanometric spheres. These were examined by several analytical methods XRD , DSC , Raman and IR spectroscopy) as well as electron microscopy ( SEM , TEM ) and found to be composed of Ga and C . The DSC analysis indicates that the Ga has possibly reacted with carbon, while the Raman spectrum of the product demonstrates a strong additional peak that could not be identified. This work explores the possibility that the product is gallium carbide or another gallium‐carbon complex. To investigate the nature of the product, we performed detailed extended X ‐ray absorption fine structure ( EXAFS ) and X ‐ray absorption near‐edge structure ( XANES ) analyses. On the basis of DSC , IR , and R aman it appear to be formation of GaC , whereas the analysis by EXAFS and XANES demonstrated that the gallium is found to be in a higher reduced state (almost metallic), supported by carbon. The question that remains open in addition to the one related to the formation of galium carbide is whether a complex structure, including oxygen contamination is involved in the layers surrounding the Ga as indicated by the EXAFS results.