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Cold Sintering Process: A Novel Technique for Low‐Temperature Ceramic Processing of Ferroelectrics
Author(s) -
Guo Hanzheng,
Baker Amanda,
Guo Jing,
Randall Clive A.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/jace.14554
Subject(s) - sintering , ceramic , materials science , process (computing) , process engineering , nanotechnology , computer science , engineering physics , composite material , engineering , operating system
Research on sintering of dense ceramic materials has been very active in the past decades and still keeps gaining in popularity. Although a number of new techniques have been developed, the sintering process is still performed at high temperatures. Very recently we established a novel protocol, the “Cold Sintering Process ( CSP )”, to achieve dense ceramic solids at extraordinarily low temperatures of <300°C. A wide variety of chemistries and composites were successfully densified using this technique. In this article, a comprehensive CSP tutorial will be delivered by employing three classic ferroelectric materials ( KH 2 PO 4 , Na NO 2 , and BaTiO 3 ) as examples. Together with detailed experimental demonstrations, fundamental mechanisms, as well as the underlying physics from a thermodynamics perspective, are collaboratively outlined. Such an impactful technique opens up a new way for cost‐effective and energy‐saving ceramic processing. We hope that this article will provide a promising route to guide future studies on ultralow temperature ceramic sintering or ceramic materials related integration.