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Resolving the Interface of Calcium Phosphate Formation on the Porous Bioceramics In Vitro
Author(s) -
Ren Fuzeng,
Wang Kefeng,
Wang Bi,
Lu Xiong,
Leng Yang
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/jace.14449
Subject(s) - apatite , materials science , biomineralization , crystallite , transmission electron microscopy , focused ion beam , porosity , layer (electronics) , bioceramic , substrate (aquarium) , nanometre , nanoscopic scale , chemical engineering , nanotechnology , mineralogy , composite material , ion , chemistry , metallurgy , oceanography , organic chemistry , geology , engineering
Porous bioceramics have been widely studied for bone tissue engineering. A deep understanding on the mechanism of bone growth and biomineralization depends on the extracted interface information between the new precipitated calcium phosphates (CaPs) and the porous substrate at a nanometer scale. However, due to their intrinsic brittleness and the complexity of the sample shape, there is still lack of such information. Here, by a combination of focused ion beam ( FIB ) and transmission electron microscopy ( TEM ), in‐situ cross‐sectional electron transparent interface was prepared. The precipitated dense apatite layer is composed of individual microgranules which further consist of tiny flake‐like crystals. The new crystallites grow along c ‐axis and are mostly oriented perpendicular to HA substrate. This preferred orientation is more pronounced in the presence of protein. This work offers a novel and feasible approach using FIB ‐ TEM to in situ image porous bioceramic scaffold and precipitated apatite layer interface and can be extended to study many other biointerfaces.