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Flow Cytometry Analysis of Cytotoxicity In Vitro and Long‐Term Toxicity of HA ‐40 wt% BaTiO 3 Nanoparticles In Vivo
Author(s) -
Kumar Alok,
Bhaskar Nitu,
Basu Bikramjit
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/jace.13740
Subject(s) - in vivo , cytotoxicity , flow cytometry , in vitro , toxicity , chemistry , nanoparticle , biophysics , biomedical engineering , microbiology and biotechnology , materials science , nanotechnology , biochemistry , biology , medicine , organic chemistry
The development of new implantable biomaterials requires bone‐mimicking physical properties together with desired biocompatible property. In continuation to our earlier published research to establish compositional dependent multifunctional bone‐like properties and cytocompatibility response of hydroxyapatite (HA)‐BaTiO 3 composites, the toxicological property evaluation, both in vitro and in vivo , were conducted on HA ‐40 wt% BaTiO 3 and reported in this work. In particular, this work reports in vitro cytotoxicity of mouse myoblast cells as well as in vivo long‐term tissue and nanoparticles interaction of intra‐articularly injected HA ‐40 wt% BaTiO 3 and BaTiO 3 up to the concentration of 25 mg/mL in physiological saline over 12 weeks in mouse model. The careful analysis of flow cytometry results could not reveal any statistically significant difference in terms of early/late apoptotic cells or necrotic cells over 8 d in culture. Extensive histological analysis could not record any signature of cellular level toxicity or pronounced inflammatory response in vital organs as well as at knee joints of Balb/c mice after 12 weeks. Taken together, this study establishes nontoxic nature of HA ‐40 wt% BaTiO 3 and therefore, HA ‐40 wt% BaTiO 3 can be used safely for various biomedical applications.