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X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy Studies of the Room‐Temperature Ferromagnetic Fe‐Doped 6H–BaTiO 3
Author(s) -
Mikulska Iuliia,
Valant Matjaz,
Arčon Iztok,
Lisjak Darja
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/jace.13408
Subject(s) - annealing (glass) , ferromagnetism , materials science , paramagnetism , extended x ray absorption fine structure , xanes , doping , analytical chemistry (journal) , spectroscopy , absorption spectroscopy , magnetic semiconductor , condensed matter physics , nuclear magnetic resonance , chemistry , optics , metallurgy , optoelectronics , physics , chromatography , quantum mechanics
We investigated the effect of annealing temperature on magnetic properties of 2% and 10% Fe‐doped BaTiO 3 . To understand the possible structural differences between samples treated at different annealing temperatures, and to correlate them with the magnetic properties, several characterization techniques, such as X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray absorption spectroscopic methods ( XANES and EXAFS ) were employed. We found that the 2% Fe‐doped BaTiO 3 pseudocubic perovskite is paramagnetic regardless of the heat‐treatment conditions. Initially paramagnetic 10% Fe‐doped 6H–BaTiO 3 , treated at 1250°C, became ferromagnetic after additional annealing at higher temperature. We have crystalographically characterized the cation ordering processes in the 6H–BaTiO 3 that occurred during the high‐temperature annealing. The ferromagnetism that is induced in this stage is most probably associated with the observed diffusion processes but it extrinsic character still cannot be fully disregarded.