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Phase Stabilization of ZrO 2 Polymorph by Combined Additions of Ca 2+ and PO 4 3− Ions Through an In Situ Synthetic Approach
Author(s) -
Vasanthavel Subramaniyan,
Kannan Sanjeevi
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/jace.13182
Subject(s) - raman spectroscopy , tetragonal crystal system , phase (matter) , analytical chemistry (journal) , cubic zirconia , nuclear chemistry , crystallography , chemistry , materials science , mineralogy , crystal structure , chromatography , ceramic , organic chemistry , optics , physics
This study has been aimed at the phase stabilization of tetragonal Zirconia ( t ‐ ZrO 2 ) by the additions of Ca 2+ and PO 4 3− through an in situ synthetic approach. A wide range of variations have been attempted in which the precursor concentrations of Ca 2+ and PO 4 3− have been maintained constant for every synthesis. The characterization results from XRD , Raman spectra, FT ‐ IR spectra, XRF , and the quantitative analysis have confirmed the t ‐ ZrO 2 stabilization for the selected concentrations ranging from 5% to 20% of Ca 2+ and PO 4 3− in the ZrO 2 system at 900°C. Pure ZrO 2 system without the additions of Ca 2+ and PO 4 3− have yielded the mixture of c ‐ ZrO 2 and m ‐ ZrO 2 at the investigated temperatures ranging between 800°C and 1000°C with no identified traces of t ‐ ZrO 2 . Thus, the stabilization of t ‐ ZrO 2 has been mainly attributed to the combined influence of Ca 2+ and PO 4 3− presence in the ZrO 2 matrix creating oxygen vacancies that has been confirmed from impedance measurements. Heat treatment beyond 900°C had resulted in the phase degradation leading to the formation of mixture of phases comprising of major amount of m ‐ ZrO 2 and minor amount of t ‐ ZrO 2 .