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Temperature‐Dependent Phase Transitions in the Lead‐Free Piezoceramics (1 – x – y )( Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 ) TiO 3 –x BaTiO 3 – y ( K 0.5 Na 0.5 ) NbO 3 Observed by in situ Transmission Electron Microscopy and Dielectric Measurements
Author(s) -
Kling Jens,
Jo Wook,
Dittmer Robert,
Schaab Silke,
Kleebe HansJoachim
Publication year - 2013
Publication title -
journal of the american ceramic society
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.9
H-Index - 196
eISSN - 1551-2916
pISSN - 0002-7820
DOI - 10.1111/jace.12493
Subject(s) - tetragonal crystal system , superstructure , materials science , transmission electron microscopy , microstructure , phase (matter) , phase transition , crystallography , trigonal crystal system , mineralogy , dielectric , atmospheric temperature range , piezoelectricity , analytical chemistry (journal) , chemistry , crystal structure , condensed matter physics , nanotechnology , physics , composite material , thermodynamics , optoelectronics , organic chemistry , chromatography
Lead‐free piezoelectric (1 – x – y )( Bi 1/2 Na 1/2 ) TiO 3 – x BaTiO 3 – y ( K 0.5 Na 0.5 ) NbO 3 ( BNT – BT – KNN ) ceramics were examined in situ under increasing temperature in the transmission electron microscope. Changing superstructure reflections indicate a transition from rhombohedral to tetragonal to cubic phase with broad coexistence regions. The additional evolution of the microstructure in combination with dielectric measurements leads to a model of two relaxor‐type phase evolutions with temperature.